In a solid waste management planning, we need some informations about the existing condition of solid waste itself. Based on solid waste management literature, solid waste management should be adjusted to the generation and its characteristics for efficiency and effectiveness.Tchobanoglous et al (1993) mentions about the classification of solid waste based on their source, they are:
1. Residential waste: foodwaste, paper, leather, yardwaste, ash, wood, plastic, and hazard
2. Commercial waste: paper, plastic, carton, metal, wood, foodwaste
3. Institutional waste: paper, plastic, wood, foodwaste, glass
4. Constructional waste: wood, metal, steel, concrete, ash
5. City service waste: yardwaste, plastic, paper
6. Processing building waste: sludge, ash
7. Industrial waste: ash, hazardous waste, plastic
8. Agricultural waste: foodwaste, hazardous waste
Solid waste generation is the amount of waste generated by the source in certainly unit of time. Generation rate is affected by the amount of population, industrial level, social economy, and commercial activity in the society (Babayemi et al., 2009). Solid waste generation is the effect of production and consumption of the society in every economic level. This solid waste generation is related to solid waste management, such as equipments, routing, recycling facilities, and final disposal facilities.
Solid waste composition is the representative of each constituent and its distribution of the waste and expressed in persentage of weight (%). Composition of solid waste is very important to plan or evaluate the equipment needed, system and program management of solid waste, and handling system. Solid waste constituents is classified into organic and anorganic waste. Organic waste such as: foodwaste, paper, plastic, leather, cloth, rubber, yardwaste and woods. Anorganic waste such as glass, tin, metal, and steel (Tchobanoglous et all., 1993). Upadhyay et all., (2012), classify the solid waste composition into 4 class, they are:
1. Recyclable waste: paper, plastic, glass, metal
2. Poisonous waste: paint, pesticide, insecticide, battery, and drugs
3. Compostable waste: foodwaste, leaves, yardwaste, vegetables, fruits
4. Infectious waste: blood, syringe, laboraturium waste, cotton waste
All of waste composition will affect the waste density, disposal technique, and potencial of reuse, reduction, and recycle processing.
In this part, I want to share about how to do solid waste generation and composition analysis based on Indonesia Standard Method: SNI 19-3964-1994
1. Location
Sampling location is divided into 2 types, they are residential and non residential.
Residential:
- Permanent with high economic level
- Semi permanent with medium economic level
- Non permanent with low economic level
Non Residential: shop, office, school, market, street, hotel, restaurant, public facilities
2. Frequency
Sampling conducted in 8 days continuously, in same location, in the middle time of dry and wet season.
3. Measurement and calculation
- The units used for generation measurement are liter/unit/day and kg/unit/day
- The units used for composition measurement is persentage (%)
- Volume measurement use a container in size of 40 Liter with weight measurement before
- Volume measurement use a container in size of 500 Liter with weight measurement before
4. Tools and Equipment
- Plastic bag with volume of 40 Liter
- Volume measurement container in size of 20 cm x 20 cm x 100 cm with height scale sign
- Volume measurement container in size of 50 cm x 50 cm x 100 cm with height scale sign
- Weigher with scale 0-5 kg and 0-100 kg
- Moving tools and gloves
a. Spesify the sampling site
b. Spesify the number of surveyor
c. Prepare the tools and equipment
d. Distribute the plastic bag with certainly sign to the host of waste source a day before we begin
e. Record the number of each waste source
f. Collect all of the plastic bag which is already filled with trash
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| Figure 1. Collected waste by using plastic bag with label |
h. Measure the weight of empty container with volume 40 L
i. Enter the collected trash into the empty container with volume 40 L and measure the weight
j. Stamped the container 3 times by lifted and dropped with height about 20 cm
k. Measure and record the volume
l. Measure and record the weight
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| Figure 2. Measuring the weight of collected waste |
o. Measure and record the volume
p. Measure and record the weight
q. Sort the waste into the classified composition
r. Measure and record the weight of each composition
s. Make the report with expressed in graphic, table, and documentation
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| Figure 3. Sorting the collected waste into some compositions |
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| Figure 4. Measuring the weight of plastic only |
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| Figure 5. Sampling activities |
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