How to Make: Recycled Bottle Bag

Generally, we know that amount of solid waste are increasing along with population growth. There are many action which is done in managing the solid waste (trash, rubbish, garbage). One of the ways in managing solid waste is 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle). The primary aim of 3R is to decreasing the amount of solid waste in environment by reducing disposable product, reusing usable thing, and recycling into a new product. In this chance, I would like to share about my experience in recycling bottled water. I called it Bottle Bag, a recycled, simple, unique, and useful product. 

Figure 1. There are so many plastics waste (thesis research, 2014)

 Most of people are really like to buy bottled water. The usage of tumblr in society is still low. With a low of price, guarantee of hygiene, and cleanliness, people prefer to buy bottled water rather than bring form their house. The bottles which has been used are very easy to get. Point of view from the scavengers, bottles are very potentially to sale. They will collected by the scavengers and separated into some categories based on their type of material. Based on my research (Final Project), in a tourism place, plastic waste was the highest composition, and bottle is including in. 

Figure 2. Solid waste compotition in Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng (thesis research, 2014)

Bottles is made of particular plastic material and has their characteristics. Not all type of bottles can be used many times, some of them can be used only once. It is because of healthy reason. Disposable bottle is only can be used once because the constituent is easy to degradate and it is ver danger for human's health. For disposable bottle, there is a way to utilize them become a product.

So, this is it! How to make a recycled bottle bag?

Let's start!

1. Prepare the tools and materials

Tools        : Scissor, glue, rope, needle, cutter

Materials  : Bottles, flannel, ornaments

2. Wash the bottles

3. Cut the body of bottles according your creation into two parts

4. Unite both of them or with another part with zipper

5. Add the ornaments (rope, flannel, glitter, etc) to make it cool

6. Ready to use!

Figure 3. Here the result

For further information or ORDER, please contact me at madewahyuwijaya@gmail.com
or visit our Bottles Bag on Facebook

How to Make: Reusable Bag

When we went to the supermarket to buy for household needs, usually we didn't bring our bag. The cashier will give us plastic bag as shopping bag. If all people in the supermarket are using plastic bag, can we imagine how many plastics will become trash? In some shop, there has been a policy to decrease the amount of plastic bag consumption. We have to pay more if we want to get plastic bag or using degradable plastic material. Not only bag, but also other things like tumblr, lunch box, paper, refillable pencil, glass, etc. Now, I want to share to all of you, one of my creation in making a reusable bag. I worked with my team to make a business plan in providing a bag which is reusable and unique. Our brand is Imagination Bag, you can visit our page on Imagination Bag on Facebook

Figure 1. Draw and gice your colour

Figure 2. Here it is!

For further information or ORDER, please contact me at madewahyuwijaya@gmail.com

Flood Water Recycling

Every year, flooding has become an annual disaster which resulted in economic losses for the society. Generally, flooding is caused by the overflow of drainages because the high intensity of rain. The strength of flood can damage the construction and its under. Flood makes the people's activity has been hampered, interfere the mobility, transportation, and the most important is people's health. Flooding that carrying many trash and sludge will pollute the water sources, like in a well. Because of that, the people will in trouble in getting fresh water as their need.If they are still using contaminated water, it will increase the risk of illness , such as diarrhea, tinea versicolor, itch, and other skin diseases. It is very damaging for the children who loved to play with flood water.

Based on the case above, I and my partner is already created a innovation, a simple technology for treating flood water. It called Flood Fresh Water, a device with primary aim is to process the flood water becomes fresh water. This simple technology is using coalgulation and flocculation concept. Coalgulation is the process of adding coalgulant, like lime (CaCO2) to bind the suspended solid as the substance of flood water. The addition process is done by rapid stirring (flash mix) in order to improvement of the mixing, in this case we used pneumatic mixing. Then, flocculation is the process of floc formation from the suspended substances. In this process is done by slow stirring (slow mix) in order to support the floc formation, so it will become bic flocs which will precipitate. The length of time in both process are 1 minute for coalgulation, 5 minutes for flocculation, and 25 minutes for settling process, it was in case of 10 L of flood water. As an additional treatment, we used sand filter as the secondary treatment and also activated carbon filter in the tank of coalflocculation. Activated carbon is used as odor and color absorbent. Sand filter which is using silica, is used to clarify the effluen of coalflocculation. Design of Flood Fresh Water Unit can be seen at the picture below.

Figure 1. Design of Flood Fresh Water

 

Figure 2. Running of Flood Fresh Water

Figure 3. Tools and materials

Figure 4. Result of water recycle using Flood Fresh Water (down up). The sample is taken from a pond

Figure 5. Air pump which is used as rapid mixer

Figure 6. Installation of Flood Fresh Water

Figure 7. Result of water recycle using Flood Fresh Water in turbidity (Left-Right, last one is the sample). The sample is taken from a river.

For further information, please contact me at madewahyuwijaya@gmail.com

A Little Contribution for Sustainability: Tourism and Trash

I took my bachelor in ITS Surabaya with environmental engineering as the subject. On my last year, I did a research planning as the final project for getting bachelor's degree. There are many fields of concentration that we could take, such as solid waste management, drinking water, wastewater, air pollution, and environmental modelling and management. The final project is divide into 3 categories, they are research, planning, and literature study. I have chosen a planning as my final project. My planning is about solid waste management in a tourism area. In this planning, I also did some research about the existing condition, solid waste generation and composition, and people's demand. I spent about 4 months to finish this project.

Figure 1. View of Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng

My final project took place in Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng, Buleleng Regency, Bali Island. The location is in the north of Bali Island. Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng is one of colonial heritage in North Bali. Before becoming Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng, it was the main port of Bali called Buleleng Port. In 1846, the East Indies Government authorized Singaraja as the capital city of Bali. Along the time, in 1970 this port was stopped to operate. The hub was moved to south area of Bali Island, and now we called it Tanjung Benoa. The condition of Buleleng Port was not managed well. Then, on 2005, the local government made this port become a heritage called Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng (EPB).

As a tourism heritage, EPB has many facilities in order to support the tourists activities. One of problem that caused by those facilities and tourism activities is increasing the generation of trash (solid waste). Based on my observation, there was so many trash in every parts of this area, espesially in the coastal/beach area. There was no visitor who come to this area, because there was so dirty. The cleanliness facilities it wasn't enough and adequate. Based on that case, I did my research on this object. I thought that tourism area must be supported by a good management in environment. So, it can be sustainable and nature can be kept well. The following is an abstraction of my final project entitled "Design of Solid Waste Management Facilities in Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng Beach Resort in Buleleng Regency".

The average number of tourists in Eks Pelabuhan Buleleng beach resort from January to March 2014 was 288, 15% of those were foreigners. A number of supporting facilities, such as canteens, floating restaurants, a tourist hall and a playing ground have been built. These facilities generate solid waste (SW), which have not been managed properly. In addition, this recreation facility receives SW from the Buleleng River and the sea. The objectives of this study are to measure the SW generation and composition, to design SW management system, and to determine the capital, operation and maintenance costs of SW management activities in the study area. 

Measurements of SW generation and composition were done according to the national standards SNI 19-3964-1994. The SW samples from the beach and the river were collected using transect method. Design of solid waste management system, which included SW container provision, collection, transfer and treatment, was made according to the National Standards SNI 19-2454-2002, Municipal Solid Waste Management Guideline Book 1 of 2013 of the Directorate General of Cipta Karya. Artistic touch was considered in the design for supporting the tourism activities. 

Results of the research showed that the SW generation rate in the study area was 170.8 kg/day, or 1.033 m³/day. Contribution of each SW source was as the following: commercial 32.3%, garden 27.3%, office 0.88%, sea 27.13%, and Buleleng River 8.45%. The SW composition was food waste 14.4%, garden waste 19.7%, plastics 29.8%, paper 8.04%, wood 4.61%, textile 2.21%, metals 0.36%, leather 19.21%.

The study area was designed to provide separated SW containers. The floating restaurant was facilitated with 4 containers of 70 L capacity for biodegradable SW, and 4 containers of 15 L capacity for recyclable SW. Each canteen was provided with 2x2 trash bags of 20 L capacity, each of which was for biodegradable and recyclable SW. Containers for office and public facilities were of 4 x 2 units of 30 L capacity for biodegradable and recyclable SW. The park area was facilitated 7 x 2 containers of 60 L capacity. SW from the sea would be contained in 5 x 2 containers of 250 L capacity, whereas 2 x 2 containers of 250 L capacity would be provided for placing the river SW. A handcart of 1120 capacity was designed for separated SW collection. One transfer station was planned with the provision of 3 containers with capacity  660 L for residual waste and 1 container with capacity  900L for recyclable waste, 2 units of 2,7 m³ composting facilities, and 1 unit of shredding machine. A screen would be installed for collecting the SW from the Buleleng river. Estimated costs for the provision of SW management facilities in the study area were as the following: investment Rp 42,590,280,-, operation Rp 10,872,000,-/month, and maintenance Rp 4,150,000,-/year.

Figure 2. Sampling and research activity

This research is just a little contribution of my subject for the sustainability of environment. Fortunately, this research has been successfully accepted on International Student Conference on Environment and Sustainability (ISCES) 2014 which is held by UNEP and Tongji University in Shanghai, China. In this event, all the students who participate in this forum have brough their ideas for better environment.

 

Figure 3. Some photoshoots on ISCES 2014

For who interested to read the report of my final project, you can download by clicking this link below:

Final Project 

Internship: Bali Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC) Nusa Dua, Bali

Internship is a duty for student on their 7th semester in the university. It usually held on between 6th - 7th semester. In my undergraduate program, internship has 2 semester credit system (SKS). In this chance, all student who concerned have to choose a topic and location for them doing their internship. I and my internship partner, choosed Bali Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC) as our internship place with wastewater treatment for the topic. In one month, we did some challenges that tested our ability and knowledge to solve and propose some ideas. 

Bali Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC) is one of Indonesian State Owned Enterprises which is in field of tourism services. The development of the Nusa Dua Resort included the establishment of a business entity: Bali Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC). The primary aim of the company was organizing the availability of infrastructure and facilities, inviting investors to build hotels as well as manage and maintain the Nusa Dua Resort. Additionally was established the Bali Tourism Development Master Plan Board (BPRIP) with the task of consultation and coordination with the PP 27 1972 and BTDC. The purpose of BTDC is reflecting the characteristics of high-level international standards for all facilities was the priority of infrastructure improvement, especially aesthetic quality of the landscaped areas, as well as the culture and attractions unique to the Balinese landscape. BTDC Nusa Dua manages an are of approximately 350 hectares, originally barren and unproductive land, which subsequently became an attractive tourist area in Bali. These resort has achieved worldwide acclaim as one of the six best tourist resort in the world. Regional infrastructure develpoment was undertaken by BTDC Nusa Dua with financing from the World Bank according to an appraisal conducted in May 1974. The World Bank loan repaid by BTDC in advance of the expiration of the loan repayment period (BTDC Annual Report, 2012).

Internship in field of wastewater treatment in BTDC was focused on evaluation of BTDC’s lagoon as the wastewater treatment unit. This lagoon was built on 1976 with capacity of 10.000 m³/day and started operating on 1980. This lagoon has an area about 30 hectars and consist of 2 unit installation, such as wastewater treatment unit and irrigation producing unit.

The sewerage system in BTDC serves domestic wastewater which is discharged by all of the hotel and public tourism facilities. All of hotels collect their domestic wastewater in a collection pit and flowed to the primary sewerage system which is lead to the lift pump station by gravity. The submersible pump will operate automatically carrying the wastewater to the lagoon with distance about 2 km length. BTDC implement the system of stabilization pond as the wastewater treatment. The initial wastewater enter the cell 1 and oxidized. Cell 1 is divided into 2 cells (1A and 1B) and seperated by fiber material in order to catch the oil, grease, and floating trashes. They will be cleaned by the operator periodically. The next cells are 2A and 2B (the largest cell). In this cell, there is also oxidation proccess with longer time than cell 1. In cell 2, there are many Tilapia Fish as the bioindicator for the toxicity of the wastewater. The last cell is cell 3. In this cell, the result of wastewater treatment is collected and ready to distribute. Technically, all of the ponds has their retention time. Retention time is the length of time for wastewater in passing through the area of each pond. 

Figure 1. Layout of BTDC Lagoon (view from Google Earth)

In order to increase the irrigation water quality, there is additional proccess consisting of aerated pond and sedimentation tank. They has six surface aerator (18 hours/day) and two sedimentation tanks. The sludge is procceseed by using sludge drying bed. Treated water will be collected in the groundtank. The water will distribute to the hotel which is needed as watering the garden and artificial pond. Undirectly, besides providing the wastewater treatment, this lagoon also become a bird sanctuary.

Figure 2. A view of the lagoon

Figure 3. Comparison of wastewater condition by the colour between Cell 2 (left) and Cell1 (right)

Figure 4. There are many artificial island

Figure 5. If you become their trainee, you will get this

Figure 6. View from a corner

Figure 7. Some surface aerators on the aerated pond

Figure 8. An inlet of the sewerage system to the Cell 1

Figure 9. Pedestrian deck around the lagoon

A good opportunity to do intership in BTDC. We knew that tourism service has to completed by provision of a good waste management. As my experience in BTDC, internship was not only to see directly our field of work, but also try to make solution for the problems, making evaluation and recommendation. Thank you BTDC Nusa Dua-Bali.

For who interested to read the final report of my internship in BTDC Nusa Dua Bali,  you can download by clicking this link below.

Laporan Kerja Praktek BTDC Nusa Dua - Bali

A Reflection

In Balinese culture, there is a sense of depiction about the universe in human beings. This senses stated that human beings are the representative of the universe through all of their elements. It's called Bhuana Alit (human beings) and Bhuana Agung (universe). Bhuana means world, Alit means small kind, and Agung means big. There are five elements which is became the representation in both of them. They are: Teja (light), Bayu (wind), Pertiwi (soil), Apah (water), and Akasa (sky). In the human beings, they are Teja (body heat), Bayu (energy), Pertiwi (bone), Apah (fluid), and Akasa (cavity). That is the representative relation between the universe and human beings. So, based on this relation, actually we can handle and keep this world, seems like we treat our self in order to be better. 

This analogy above is describing the kind symbiosis between the humans and earth. Human beings need some kinds of resources from the environment, and the environment provides them. In the knowledge of environmental chemistry, there is a term of steady state. It is a balance condition of the environment. In other words, there is no pollution which is interfere the steady state. In order to keep this balance, the environment has ability on purifiy themselve to back toward the steady state. Unfortunatly, now the effort of environment to do self purification is obstructed.

As development of the era, the people needs is more increasing and varies. It caused the enhancement of industries in all sectors. All kind of industries which has been used the resources, oftenly doesn't mind about the sustainability of the environment, but there are also some industries which has been managed their environment well. In order to fulfill the people's needs, industry sector is very important. In environment point of view, it has to complete with the sustainability work. If it's not done, the resources will be not long live used.

In that case, it's not only the responsible of the industry, but also the people as the user of the product. It will be normal when we used the resources wisely. But now, there are many kinds of people's act which is seems to have become a habit. Waste carelessly, untreatment wastewater, air pollution, open defication free, deepwater pollution, oil spill, and effect of global warming. They are the face of our environment now, or may be in the future. It seems like our life. When we hoped a succsess of our future, we have to do our best efforts. When we wanted to make our children can enjoy the clean water, fresh air, and beautiful nature, we have to keep our environment better. Keep environment means keep our future life. We are the small depiction of the universe.

In this time, not too late to start living more friendly with environment. Mahatma Gandhi, said that "when we wanted to make a big change, it should start from ourselve". Ona day, HOS Tjokroaminoto said to Soekarno, "Human beings is like the earth, if you want to get her, you have to hold her heart". This reflection aims to make us realize that we are as the part of universe, we have similarity with it. What we did to environment around, it means do the same to ourselve.

An Honor to the Earth with Heart
I Made Wahyu Wijaya
Environmental Engineering